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Brown (surname)
Brown is an English-language surname in origin chiefly descriptive of a person with brown hair, complexion or clothing. It is one of the most common family names in English-speaking countries. It is the second most common surname in Canada and Scotland, third most common in Australia and fourth most common in England and the United States.〔 It is particularly clustered in southern Scotland.
==Etymology and history of the surname==
Most occurrences of the name are derived from a nickname concerning the complexion of an individual, the colour of their hair or the clothing worn. This nickname is derived from the Old English ''brun'', ''brūn''; Middle English ''brun'', ''broun''; or Old French ''brun''.〔〔 The root word is also sometimes found in Old English and Old Norse bynames,〔 such as the Old Norse ''Brúnn''; however these names were not common after the Norman Conquest (in 1066).〔 In some cases, the Old English personal name ''Brun'' may be a short form of one of several compound names, such as ''Brungar'' and ''Brunwine''.〔 Early recordings of the English name/surname are: ''Brun'', ''Brunus'' in 1066; Conan ''filius Brun'' in 1209; Richard ''Brun'', ''le Brun'' le mercer in 1111–38; William ''le Brun'' in 1169; William ''Brun'' 1182–1205; Hugh ''Bron'' in 1274; Agnes ''Broun'' in 1296; and John ''le Browne'' in 1318. Another of the earliest recorded Browns is John Brown of Stamford, Lincolnshire in 1312.〔(Brown Genealogy Society )〕 In Scotland, ''The People of Medieval Scotland〔http://www.poms.ac.uk/〕'' academic project surveys over 8600 extant records from between the years 1093 to 1314 and lists 26 Brouns and 14 Browns on its database〔results of search for individuals named "Broun" http://db.poms.ac.uk/search/search?basic_search_type=people&query=Broun&ordering=&years=1093-1314&show_all=false〕
The name also originates independently in the United States, as an Anglicization of other surnames, such as the German Braun, or other surnames with similar meanings.〔 It can also arise as a translation from the Gaelic ''Donn'' ("brown").〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brown Name Meaning and History )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Dunn Name Meaning and History )〕 The ''Mac A Brehon'' clan of County Donegal have anglicized as Brown or Browne since about 1800.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Irish Surname Search:(Mac) Breheny, Judge )〕 In Scottish Gaelic, the name Brown is translated Mac-a-Bhruithainn (pronounced "mac-avroon") from the root word "Bruithainn", which is roughly pronounced "bro-an" and is similar to the word for judge (just as in the Irish). Its sound is very similar to the Scots surname Broun/Broon/Brown, which are all pronounced similarly.
The German cognates are associated with the much more common Continental personal name Bruno, which was borne by the Dukes of Saxony, among others, from the Tenth century or before. It was also the name of several medieval German and Italian saints, such as Saint Bruno of Cologne (1030–1101), founder of the Carthusian Order.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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